Arm ergometer

With an arm ergometer, or arm bike, you turn a pair of handles in smooth circles while seated or standing. It often resembles bicycle pedals mounted at chest height, with adjustable resistance and a small display. The motion feels steady and controlled, and you can usually pedal forwards or backwards while keeping your lower body still.

You use it for seated or standing cardio exercise that focuses on your arms, shoulders and upper back. Changing the resistance and turning speed lets you move gently or work more firmly without relying on your legs. Pedalling in either direction adds variety, while the regular circular action can also help you practise coordination and maintain an even pace.

It can suit you if you prefer low-impact cardio, want an option that does not require much leg movement, or enjoy exercising from a chair. Most models fit on a table or have their own stand, though freestanding versions need more floor space. Start with easy resistance and adjust the handle position for comfortable shoulders; brisk arm circles are a simple no-equipment alternative.